1. Mangosteen without yellow gum
2. Mangosteen with yellow gum

Visible benefits

• Quantitative evaluation revealed that yellow gum had extremely high amounts of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin (382.2 and 144.9 mg/g on a wet basis, respectively) followed by pericarp and aril.
• Pericarp and yellow gum showed much higher radical-scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant potential than the aril.

• Antioxidant activity was highest in yellow gum, followed by the pericarp and the aril.
• y-Mangostin was the most important contributor to antioxidative activity

• Yellow gum is a physiological disorder in mangosteen. It is caused by exposure of the mangosteen fruit or the trunk of the tree to direct sunlight, excess water during maturation, physical damage to the pericarp or some types of pest infestation, and it is a major problem in mangosteen cultivation because it brings about hard flesh with poor flavor and downgrades the commercial value of the fruit.
• The yellow gum and the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit showed much higher antioxidative activity than the aril part in terms of unit weight. The yellow gum of mangosteen might serve as a source of a-mangostin and y-mangostin

Visible benefits

• A proprietary mangosteen juice blend (XanGo Juice™) reduced CRP levels (increased change from baseline) compared to placebo for those taking the highest dose of 18 oz per day.
• CRP = one of the inflammatory proteins in obese patients, increase level in inflammatory proteins act as preditor of cardiovascular disease / precursor of other metabolic diseases.

Table 1: Mean HS-CRP level before and after mangosteen juice supplementation.

• standard hypocaloric diet and physical activity
• standard hypocaloric diet, physical activity, and treatment with mangosteen supplement

Visible benefits

• The mangosteen group reported a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance
• Insulin levels at 26 weeks decreased significantly in the treatment group compared to control (−53.2% vs. −15.2%, p = 0.004)

Figure 1: Glucose metabolism markers. (A) Insulin levels decreased significantly in the treatment group compared to control at 26 weeks; (B) HOMA IR% change went in the same direction in favor of the mangosteen group that showed a frank improvement in insulin resistance; (C) glucose levels did not significantly change in any of the studied arms.
*For its pilot nature, a small number of obese insulin resistant patients who were otherwise healthy were recruited, potentially hindering the possibility of detecting significant changes.

1. Normal diet rats + distilled water
2. HFD rats + distilled water
3. HFD rats + 200 mg/kg Garcinia mangostana flesh
4. HFD rats + 400 mg/kg GMF
5. HFD rats + 600 mg/kg GMF

Visible benefits

• Supplementation with GMF for 7 weeks in obese rats reduced their body weight, improved lipid profile, increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase level and lowered plasma pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) (p < 0.05).
• In addition, GMF supplementation attenuated the abnormalities of the liver and kidney tissue caused by high fat diet.

Table 1: The effect of mangosteen flesh supplementation on plasma glucose and lipid profile in rats.*NC = normal control; OC = obese control

Table 2: The effect of mangosteen flesh supplementation on plasma antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant status.

Table 3: The effect of mangosteen flesh supplementation on inflammatory markers.